Lab 9.1: Heat of Solution (Delta H)

1. In the solution of Ammonium Nitrate(NH4NO3) and water (H2O) the process that occurred was endothermic. The direction of heat flow was pointed into the solution absorbed by the process making the system and its surroundings a chilled temperature.

2. Error may have been from the rounding of the decimal place used by the thermometer when calculating the solutions temperature. Also we could not calculate for the heat absourbed by the sides of the cup and the thermometer.

3.A.)If the room temperature was ten degrees colder the total heat would have been different  and less energy would be used for the change in temperature (smaller delta H)because the change in solution was endothermic the temperature is already decreasing.

B.)If you added less chemical but you still knew how much you add, the q value and the moles of solute would be lower (lower concentration) but because they are going to proportionally lower the reaction is smaller causing a smaller change in heat (Delta H).

C.)If you added 40mL of water but thought you had 50 mL the change in heat would appear to be less because you have less water to change the temperature of the reaction. Less water equals a smaller change in temperature. 

Enrichment:   In Florida farmers spray their trees with water to protect the trees from being damaged. This helps the trees when the weather gets cold in order to preserve the tree and keep it healthy for the farmer. When something freezes (mist sprayed) it creates an exothermic reaction, this causes the realease of heat. As the heat is realeased it prevents the trees from freezing throughout the cold weather.

Lab 8.2:Hydrocarbon Properties

When the particle attractions are stronger, the molecular size of the particle is larger. This effects properties like boiling point. When the attractions are stronger the size of the molecule increases creating more viscosity. This means they'll be hard to take apart because there bonds are stronger. It will take more energy to break these stronger bonds so the boiling point is increased. When the particle attraction is lower so is the boiling point because it takes less energy to break the bond creating less viscosity.

Enrichment:

Before the oil can come out of the ground it has to be found.Geologists look at surface rock and soil types to determine where the oil might be located. Modern oil geologists examine surface rocks and terrain, with the addition of satellite images or locate oil using Vibrator or Thumper trucks to cause vibrations in the earth which are listened to by geophones. The data is processed by computers into dimensional displays that are seismic lines.

When it is time to dig into the ground for the oil, the land has to be flat and cleared. After the well has been drilled, a measuring device is lowered into the hole and information is gathered about the properties of the earth such as density, type of rock present, and what fluids the rocks may contain.The drill used requires water, so there has to be a water source. A reserve pit is dug to put the rock and mud that come up with the drilling. Now they drill many hole to place the rig and support the main drill.

When they are ready to drill, they set the drill tip in the hole and begin drilling. They add and remove pieces of the drill as it goes deeper. When the drilling is over a cement pipe goes down the hole then allow the oil to flow. Then they build a cement well directing the oil  into the well. The pump they place into the well that sucks out the oil.

Lab 8.1: Percent compositon

Some source of error in the experiment may be from when chewing the gum. When chewing the gum you may be consuming not only the sugar but fragments of the gum of itself this may make your measurement for sugar higher, since more weight is missing from the gum. Another source of error in this experiment could be how long you  chew the gum before all of the sugar is dissolved. A person might think that all the sweetness is gone, and they weigh the gum, when really, some sugar is still may be left this would make the measurement for sugar less. The percentages of sugar is effected by this error becoming a higher percentage of sugar with more weight lost and a lower percentage of sugar with less weight loss.

Enrichment: Blogs help us look back on what we did in class sometimes clarifying the information we learned or review it and sometimes the assignment may be easy and quick. Gaining access to a computer may be not accessible to every student some may also like writing better then typing. Lastly enrichment i find is the most time consuming at times and least helpful. I find it sometimes unnecessary it may be more useful if it connected our chemistry topic to our everyday lives. Not enriching us further about other chemistry experiments hard to understand and not necessarily needed to be informed of.