Lab 2-2: Bag of Ions and Periodic Table Chem Crunch

The periodic table is cleverly arranged to make finding and your elements easy. The biggest categories of elements are separated into periods and groups.Within the period in groups the organization sorts elements by number of valance electrons, mass number, number of shells each element has and increasing electron configuration.

1. Ions and atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons.

2. The difference of atoms and ions of the same element are the electron configuration and number of valence electrons.

3. Ions form from atoms gaining or loosing electrons to create a stable octet of 8 electrons.

4. You can determine whether the atom will gain or loose electrons from its position on the periodic table.If the atom is on the right side of the table a metal has a positive charge explaining its electric conductivity is lose an electron. On the left side of the table the non- metals are gain electrons and the metalloids gain or lose electrons. This all creates an outer shell of 8 electrons a stable octet.

Lab 2-1: Groupings of Elements

1.) There was no way to group the elements into smaller groups so i grouped them into two larger groups of metals and nonmetals and in some cases one small group of metalloids.This were they were all alike in the overall categories.The metals were aluminum, lead, zinc, and phosphrus.The non-metals were sulfur, and carbon and the metalliod was silicon.

2.) Four tests were used on each element appearance, electrical conductivity, crush test, and reactivity with acid. Appearance is a physical property as you examine the object you can see it and feel it.Electrical conductivity is a physical property. A chemical property involves a change that occurs. However, when electricity passes through an object or substance, no change occurs.The crush test also is a physical property to test if the element is malleable or brittle being a physical property because its only examining its physical traits.Lastly reactivity with acid. This is defiantly a chemical change showing the a new product formed between the chemical reaction of the element with the acid.

3.)

a. Metalloids share both characteristics of metals and non-metals.

b. Silicon (Si).

c. Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Geranium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), and Polonium (Po).

4.)

a. In terms of metallic characteristics of elements as you proceed from the left of the table to the right the elements become less metallic.

b. As you look horizontally for metallic characteristics of elements you spot more metallic elements in the bottom rows.

Enrichment:

One element who has symbol unlike its name is Gold (Au)- Gold is Au because its Latin root is Aurum, which explains the “A” and the “u”.

Lab 1-4: Physical and Chemical Changes

In this lab "Physical and Chemical Changes" we developed a method to determine what kind of change has taken place, physical or chemical. During a physical change you do not alter the composition of the material, instead it changes the materials "physical" appearance and properties. To find evidence of a physical change you can ask yourself "Did the substance change or just its appearance?" For example when you chop wood you are cutting it into smaller pieces but it still is wood. A Chemical change is when you change the composition or "chemical make up" of a substance.In the lab a specific example is seen when you mixed silver nitrate with the copper wire and it turned black.Evidence of a chemical change is when you ask yourself "Is this a new substance and can you reverse it?" this is put in play when you burn a piece of paper and the ash is the new substance that shows the chemical change there's no changing the ash back to paper :).When i am stuck "in a scenario" i refer to my text book or chemistry notes.When polyacrylate and water are put together in the lab it is turned into ice crystals, a chemical change(changes form).

Enrichment:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKoB0MHVBvM

This is a classic chemical reaction between the diet coke and mentos which make the bottle explode with carbon dioxide bubbles :D